Trauma to the facial nerve with resulting facial paralysis has been described in various scenarios.[2][4] These include:
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Basilar skull fracture (temporal bone, predominantly)
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Penetrating trauma to the extratemporal aspect of the facial nerve (such as a knife and gunshot wounds)
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Birth trauma (most often with forceps delivery)
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Iatrogenic (typically during tumor excision but also during facial or mastoid surgery)
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Barotrauma (generally from scuba diving or airplane travel)
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Lightning strike
.